Ndi kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa ukadaulo wa magalimoto opanda anthu (UAV), njira zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito zakula kuchokera ku zosangalatsa za ogula mpaka ntchito zamafakitale, monga kuteteza zomera zaulimi, mayendedwe azinthu, ndi kuwunika mphamvu. Komabe, pamene magwiridwe antchito a UAV akupitilirabe kusintha, zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pachitetezo zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira. Pakati pa izi, "chochitika cha spark" mu maulumikizidwe a batri chawonekera ngati vuto lalikulu lomwe likuwopseza magwiridwe antchito otetezeka a UAV. Makamaka ma UAV apamwamba a mafakitale, omwe ali ndi mabatire amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito pansi pa mafunde amphamvu otulutsa - okhala ndi mafunde anthawi yomweyo omwe angapitirire 300A - ma arc amagetsi omwe amapangidwa panthawi yolumikizana ndi ma electrode samangowononga malo olumikizira ndikufupikitsa nthawi ya zida komanso amabweretsa zoopsa za ngozi zazikulu monga kuyatsa kwa batri ndi kulephera kwa magetsi paulendo. Potengera izi, ma connector oletsa spark, omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba oteteza chitetezo, akhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pazida za UAV.
I. Kulimbana ndi Ululu: Chifukwa Chake Chodabwitsa cha Spark Chimayambitsa Ngozi Yachitetezo kwa Ma UAV
Kuphulika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (sparkling) panthawi yoyika/kuchotsa batire kapena kulumikizana kwa ma UAV kumachokera makamaka ku mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa dongosolo lamagetsi. Zigawo zazikulu monga flight control module ndi electronic speed controller (ESC) ya ma UAV zimaphatikiza ma capacitor ambiri. Batire ikalumikizidwa, ma capacitor awa amapatsidwa mphamvu yamagetsi mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulephera kwamphamvu kwa ma initial loop. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ipitirire kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi ...
II. Kupambana kwa Ukadaulo: Njira Yotetezera Pakati pa Zolumikizira Zotsutsana ndi Kuphulika
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kuyambitsa moto, zolumikizira zotsutsana ndi moto zakhazikitsa njira yotetezera chitetezo kudzera muukadaulo wamitundu yambiri:
Choyamba, kapangidwe kake kapadera kolumikizana. Kamagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka "resistance-first, conduction-late" step contact layout. Cholumikizira chikalumikizidwa, chotsutsana ndi spark resistor chimayamba kukhudzana. Kudzera mu mfundo yogawa mphamvu ya resistor, mphamvu yoyambira yolowera imachepetsedwa ndi 60%, zomwe zimaletsa bwino ionization ya mpweya ndi kupanga arc. Kapangidwe kameneka kamadula njira yopangira arc komwe kumachokera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chotchinga choyamba chotetezera kulumikizana kwa dera.
Chachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Zolumikizirazi zimakhala ndi njira yopangira golide yokhala ndi makulidwe a golide a 3μm, zomwe sizimangolamulira kukana kwa kukhudzana ndi pansi pa 5mΩ kuti zichepetse kutentha panthawi yotumiza magetsi komanso zimapereka kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kuwonongeka. Nyumbayi imapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu yopangidwa ndi ndege, yopepuka (40% yopepuka kuposa nyumba zachikhalidwe) pomwe imapirira kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kuonetsetsa kuti cholumikiziracho chikugwira ntchito bwino pansi pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito.
Chachitatu, kuphatikiza ma module owongolera anzeru. Module yomangidwa mkati yoyendetsedwa ndi MCU imalola njira yosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi ya masekondi 0.5-2, kulola mphamvu yamagetsi kukwera bwino kuchokera pa 0 kupita ku mtengo wovoteledwa, ndikuchotsa kwathunthu chiopsezo cha kutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi yanthawi yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, zolumikizira zotsutsana ndi spark za TE Connectivity, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, zalamulira mwayi wopanga arc pansi pa 0.01%, zomwe zawonjezera kwambiri chitetezo cha UAV.
III. Kukhazikitsa Malo: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kosiyanasiyana kwa Zolumikizira Zotsutsana ndi Kuphulika
Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsa ntchito UAV zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa zolumikizira zotsutsana ndi spark, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa:
Pankhani yoteteza zomera zaulimi, ma UAV amafunika kusinthidwa mabatire awo pafupipafupi (nthawi zambiri nthawi 10-20 patsiku), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yokwanira yolumikizira ma plug-in komanso kusavuta kwa ma connector. Cholumikizira cha Hobbywing cha 200A choletsa spark chimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka snap-on quick docking, chokhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yolumikizira ma plug-in yopitilira nthawi 5,000 komanso kulemera kwa 35g kokha, chogwirizana ndi makina a batri a 14S okwera mphamvu. Mu ntchito zothandiza, cholumikizira ichi chachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kulephera kwa ESC komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma arc amagetsi mu ma UAV oteteza zomera ndi 92%, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira ntchito bwino.
Muzochitika zoyendera zinthu, ma UAV amatsata njira yosinthira mabatire "mphindi imodzi", yomwe imafuna mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kochepa. Cholumikizira cha Toplink cha Pogo Pin chotsutsana ndi spark chimagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka shunt kolumikizana katatu. Pansi pa mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya 80A, kukwera kwa kutentha kwa terminal ndi 35K yokha (kotsika kwambiri kuposa muyezo wamakampani wa 60K). Potengera cholumikizira ichi, malo oyambira a UAV a SF Express amatha kumaliza kusintha mabatire a 10kW mkati mwa masekondi 45, ndipo chiwerengero cha ma UAV omwe amatumikiridwa tsiku lililonse chimaposa maulendo 500, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba zoyendera zinthu.
Mu malo owunikira zoopsa monga minda yamafuta ndi gasi komanso malo osungira mankhwala, magwiridwe antchito osaphulika amakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Cholumikizira choletsa kuphulika chomwe chili pa DJI's M300RTK UAV chili ndi kapangidwe kake kosaphulika, kotetezedwa ndi IP68. Chimatha kusunga mphamvu yokhazikika ya pulagi ndi magwiridwe antchito oteteza kutentha m'malo ovuta kuyambira -40℃ mpaka 85℃, ndipo chadutsa satifiketi yolimbana ndi kuphulika ya ATEX, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yotetezeka m'malo oopsa a Gulu Lachiwiri ndikuchotsa ngozi zachitetezo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuphulika.
IV. Zochitika Zamtsogolo: Kukweza Ukadaulo Kulimbikitsa Kukula kwa Chuma Chotsika
Pamene mfundo zokhudzana ndi chuma cha m'malo otsika zikuyendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, zochitika zogwiritsa ntchito UAV zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira zambiri paukadaulo wotsutsana ndi spark connector:
Ponena za magwiridwe antchito, mphamvu yonyamula magetsi idzadutsa mu 300A. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wa nanocoating udzagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kukana kwa kukhudzana ndi kuwonongeka, kukulitsa moyo wa pulagi mpaka maulendo opitilira 200,000 kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za ntchito yayitali komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. Pankhani ya luntha, zolumikizira zidzaphatikiza masensa otenthetsera kutentha ndi ma module owunikira amakono kuti apereke ndemanga yeniyeni pamikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ndikuyambitsa chitetezo chozimitsa magetsi ngati pali zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, zolumikizira zanzeru za Amphenol zotsutsana ndi spark zimatha kutumiza deta ku dongosolo lowongolera ndege kudzera mu CAN bus, zomwe zimathandiza kuchenjeza zolakwika msanga ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito achitetezo a UAV.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza bwino kwa SWaP (Kukula, Kulemera, ndi Mphamvu) kwakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma insulators atsopano a thermoplastic ndi njira zophatikizira zopangira jakisoni kudzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi 30% ndi kulemera ndi 25% pomwe kukuwongolera mphamvu ya zinthu. Zolumikizira zazing'ono zotsutsana ndi spark zomwe zimapangidwa ndi opanga akunyumba, zomwe zimakhala ndi theka lokha la zinthu zachikhalidwe, zitha kusinthidwa kukhala ma UAV ang'onoang'ono a ogula, ndikumasula malo ochulukirapo oti zida zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ngakhale kuti ndi zazing'ono, zolumikizira zotsutsana ndi spark zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti magalimoto a UAV akugwira ntchito bwino. Kuyambira kuteteza zomera zaulimi mpaka mayendedwe oyendera ndi kuwunika zoopsa, kusintha kwawo kwaukadaulo nthawi zonse kwakhala kogwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha makampani a UAV. M'tsogolomu, ndi kukweza kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, zolumikizira zotsutsana ndi spark sizingokhala "chotchinga" cha magalimoto a UAV komanso zidzakhala mfundo zazikulu mu machitidwe oyang'anira mphamvu, kuteteza chitukuko chapamwamba cha chuma cha malo otsika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-28-2025